Most people are familiar with large-scale hydro-electric power involving large dams and reservoirs. Small-scale hydro-electric power systems, however, are still capable of producing sufficient power for industrial use or in commercial buildings.

 

Small-scale hydro-electric power has a generating capacity of less than 100kW. It uses water flowing through a turbine to drive a generator that produces electricity.

 

Site suitability

 

This technology is highly site-specific as it is dependent on being near a body of water that is both flowing and has a drop in level that can be exploited.

 

Even at a suitable site, it will be necessary to undertake some development work to install the system. Expert advice will be required to devise this system and to apply for planning permission and a water abstraction licence from the Environment Agency (in England and Wales), SEPA (in Scotland) or Environment and Heritage Service (in Northern Ireland).

 

Costs and payback periods

 

The faster the water flows and the greater the drop, the more electricity can be generated as the water drives the turbine. This will affect the viability of the installation.

 

Schemes have long operating lives. Civil engineering works for large and small schemes can last for decades with suitable maintenance, whereas mechanical and electrical plant can last between 15 and 50 years.

 

For small-scale schemes, cost of implementation relative to electricity costs may be a key issue. Since costs vary according to site-specific conditions, capital costs can vary widely.